Fire Extinguishers for Vehicles: Essential Safety Equipment on the Road

Fire emergencies can occur unexpectedly while driving, posing risks to passengers, cargo, and other vehicles on the road. Ensuring that your car is equipped with the appropriate fire extinguisher is not just a best practice—it’s a legal requirement in Peru, as stated in Norma Técnica Peruana (NTP) 833.032, Peruvian Safety Law 29783, and National Safety Council recommendations from the United States.

In this article, we will explore:

The importance of having a fire extinguisher in your vehicle.
The types of extinguishers recommended for cars.
Regulations and legal requirements in Peru.
How to properly maintain and use a fire extinguisher.

Having an operational extinguisher in vehicles is crucial

1. Why is a Fire Extinguisher Essential in a Vehicle?

A fire extinguisher can mean the difference between a small incident and a major disaster. Vehicle fires can start for various reasons:

🔥 Electrical failures – Short circuits and overheating batteries.

🔥 Fuel leaks – Gasoline or diesel spills can ignite instantly.

🔥 Mechanical failures – Overheating engines or malfunctioning components.

🔥 Accidents – Collisions can cause fuel tank ruptures or fluid leaks.

Possessing a working fire extinguisher onboard enables drivers to act swiftly before a fire escalates, safeguarding lives and property.

2. Legal Requirements for Vehicle Fire Extinguishers in Peru

Norma Técnica Peruana (NTP) 833.032

This standard defines the technical specifications and safety requirements for vehicle fire extinguishers.

It outlines:

The types of extinguishers are suitable for different vehicles.
The minimum capacity required is based on the vehicle type.
Proper placement and accessibility within the vehicle.

Peruvian Safety Law 29783

This law mandates that all commercial and public transport vehicles must carry a certified fire extinguisher to ensure passenger safety. Failure to comply may result in fines or legal consequences.

National Safety Council & OSHA Recommendations

Both organizations emphasize the need for vehicle fire extinguishers as part of emergency preparedness, particularly for commercial trucks, buses, and hazardous material transporters.

3. Types of Fire Extinguishers for Vehicles

Not all fire extinguishers are suitable for vehicles. Based on NTP 833.032 and international safety guidelines, the following extinguishers are recommended:

🔴 ABC Dry Chemical Extinguisher (Best for Personal Vehicles & Trucks)

Controls fires from flammable liquids (gasoline, diesel), electrical faults, and solid combustibles.
Most commonly used for cars, trucks, and public transport.

🔴 CO₂ (Carbon Dioxide) Extinguisher (For Electrical & Flammable Liquid Fires)

Ideal for fires caused by electrical equipment or flammable gases.
Leaves no residue, making it safe for engine compartments.

🔴 Foam Extinguisher (AFFF – Aqueous Film-Forming Foam)

Effective for fuel fires and prevents re-ignition.
Suitable for fuel transporters and industrial vehicles.

4. Fire Extinguisher Size Requirements by Vehicle Type

According to Peruvian regulations, vehicles must have fire extinguishers that meet minimum weight and capacity requirements:

🚗 Vehicle Type	Recommended Extinguisher Capacity
Private cars (M1)	2 kg ABC extinguisher
Minibuses & small vans (M2)	4 kg ABC extinguisher
Buses & large transport vehicles (M3)	6 kg ABC extinguisher
Trucks & fuel transporters (N2/N3)	9 kg CO₂ or foam extinguisher

These specifications help ensure that each vehicle type has a fire extinguisher with enough capacity to control a fire effectively.

Types of fire extinguishers by vehicle type: M1 car, 2 Kg; M2 van, 4 Kg. Text in Spanish. Background shows part of a car. — M1 and M2 vehicles and the type of extinguishers

Safety infographic showing vehicle types, M3 bus and N1 truck, needing 6kg dry powder extinguishers. Text: Tipos de extintores. — M3 and N1 vehicles and the types of extinguishers

5. How to Properly Maintain a Fire Extinguisher in Your Vehicle

Merely possessing a fire extinguisher is insufficient—consistent maintenance guarantees its functionality in emergencies. Adhere to these best practices:

Check the pressure gauge – The needle should be in the green zone.
Inspect for physical damage – Look for leaks, rust, or cracks.
Shake dry chemical extinguishers monthly – Prevents powder from settling.
Verify the expiration date – Most extinguishers need servicing or replacement every 1–5 years.
Ensure easy accessibility – Keep the extinguisher secured but within reach.

🚨 Remember: If an extinguisher is used, even partially, it must be refilled or replaced immediately!

6. How to Use a Fire Extinguisher in an Emergency

In case of a vehicle fire, follow the PASS method:

P – Pull the safety pin.

A – Aim at the base of the fire.

S – Squeeze the handle to release the agent.

S – Sweep the extinguisher from side to side.

Important:

If the fire is large or spreading, evacuate the vehicle immediately and call emergency services (116 in Peru).
Never open the hood fully if the fire is under the engine—it can intensify the flames.
Always position yourself upwind when using the extinguisher to avoid inhaling fumes.

Conclusion

Fire extinguishers are an essential safety device for all vehicles, mandated by Peruvian regulations and international safety standards. Whether operating a personal vehicle, a commercial bus, or a cargo truck, possessing the appropriate extinguisher and understanding its use can avert major accidents and protect lives.

Stay prepared—equip your vehicle with a certified fire extinguisher today!